The following outline presents a comparison between the countries of Australia and United Kingdom in terms of sustainability policies and the effect on their respective populations.
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Australia
Population facts
- Ageing population (Baby boomers are growing old)
- High levels of immigration into the country
- Consistent growth, but uneven across the different regions
- Great majority of population lives in urbanized areas
Aims
- Economic stability
- Address labor shortages
- Prepare accordingly for when the population pyramid finally inverts
- Sustainability across the country
- Improve connections between regions
- Improve infrastructure
- Increase food production without compromising the environment
- Immigrants on work visas will face a much more simplified process.
- Infrastructure development projects will focus on those areas that present the most growth.
- Economic policies are working to strengthen connections with international companies.
- Agricultural policies are working to increase food production, but limiting the amount of additional resources that are used. (Target: Low input, high yield)
- Working to relocate people in order to limit the growth of urbanized areas so as to protect biodiversity and avoid the habitat degradation and loss.
United Kingdom
Population facts
- Aging population (Baby boomers)
- Growing population
- Population divided by regions
- There is a certain level of immigration
- Control population growth
- Manage population segments before the population pyramid inverts
- Protect natural resources
- Achieve high employment levels
- Sustainability through education
- Government support will help provide jobs and training.
- Prevent emigration by creating communities where people will want to live and work.
- Provide family planning services
- Work toward social inclusion of all citizens
- Focusing on education and sustainability through educating the population
- Work together with international organization to determine sustainability policies
- Health care available to increase the population's well-being.
Conclusions
It can be seen in both cases, the policies are made according to the population conditions. This means that policies issued are based on the needs identified in a specific population. At the same time, the policies have an effect on the people, so it goes both ways. For example, Australia has a high immigration rate and the growth of its own population is constant but not enough to cause significant problems. This is why Australia focuses on taking advantage of immigration to target labor shortages which will become an increasing problem as the population ages. United Kingdom also has an aging population, but it is focusing more on retaining its current population and training them to address the labor shortages.
Both countries are focusing on achieving sustainability, but each of the policies are made considering the culture, geography, and needs of each country's population.
