Photochemical Smog: It is the product of several chemical reactions. Main components are nitrogen oxide and ozone after the reaction caused by UV light. Hydrocarbon free radicals found in smog can form aldehydes and peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN). Common in large cities.
PAN in photochemical smog can irritate the eyes.
Ozone: causes breathing difficulties, headaches, and fatigue.
Nitrogen Dioxide can be split into nitrogen monoxide and a free oxygen molecule that is then available to form ozone.
Nitric oxide can remove ozone.
When the ratio of NO2 to NO is greater than 3, the formation of ozone is the dominant reaction. If the ratio is less than 0.3, then the nitric oxide destroys oxygen.
Peroxyacetylnitrate: Products of the reaction between nitrogen dioxide, oxygen and hydrocarbons.
Catalytic Converters: These are used to reduce the carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide emissions. It is made up of either platinum or a combination of platinum and rhodium.
Platinum catalyses the reaction of unburt hydrocarbon and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.
The rhodium catalyses the reaction of carbon monoxide and nitric oxide to form carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas.
Reduction of NO to N2 must proceed more quickly than the oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide or else all the carbon monoxide will be oxidized to carbon dioxide before it can be used to reduce the nitric oxide.
Acid deposition: The effect that acid rain has on ecosystems. The effects may not be immediately seen, but the restoration process takes a very long time.
Acid rain in soil - Each H+ replaces key nutrients. Hydrogen ions replace potassium or calcium ions. Plants begin to suffer due to scarce nutrients.
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